3 Axis CNC

A 3 Axis CNC machine can be any machine utilizing 3 separate axis of movement, simultaneously, under computerized control. Examples are:

CNC Press Brake - XYZ coordinates can be programmed for the top die and back stop positions.

CNC Milling Machine - Using X, Y, and Z coordinates to position the piece and the cutting tool to allow milling, drilling, tapping, contouring or many other types of operations to be completed simultaneously.

CNC Tube Bender - Using XYZ or LRB coordinate systems to control (1) Bend angle, (2) Feed Length, (3) Angle of rotation. This allows many possibilities for multi-planed parts to be completed, again - automatically.

 

4 Axis CNC

A 4 Axis CNC machine can be any machine utilizing 4 separate axis of movement, simultaneously, under computerized control. 

Usually, the 4th Axis of movement is on a CNC machining center, which denotes a rotational axis to allow rotation of the part under the tool.

5 Axis CNC

5 or more Axis CNC Machines are usually an interpretation of the manufacturer. Such interpretations include:

Robots - Often sold as 6 Axis machines, that will have 6 joints therefore can manipulate movements by:
Base rotation (360 degrees)
Base pivot (180 degrees)  
Joint 1 rotation (360 degrees)
Joint 1 pivot (180 degrees)  
Joint 2 rotation (360 degrees)
Joint 2 pivot (180 degrees)  

Lasers - A 5 axis laser has table movement XY and focal Z, along with part rotation and optic rotation. This can allow users to cut complex patterns in to tubes and plates without special jigging or fixturing. 

Tube Benders - A 5 or 6 axis tube bending machine will have the ZXY or LRB in addition to collet or carriage movement in a vertical fashion, as well as the ability to position the tube in different dies to select radii.


Servo Driven CNC A servo driven CNC is simply stating the the CNC machine in question is utilizing servo technology rather than other forms, such as Stepper, AC inverter or VF systems. A servo motor generally allows a closed loop feedback system, meaning that the motor is sent a move signal of x distance, then the encoder (which is integrated to the motor) reports the actual movement to the controller, which can then decide whether the movement executed needs to be corrected. 

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